The principle of selecting materials for mechanical parts should consider the following requirements
1. Usage requirements (primary consideration)
1) Working conditions of parts (vibration, impact, high temperature, low temperature, high speed, and high load should all be treated with caution);
2) Restrictions on the size and quality of parts;
3) The importance of parts. (Relative importance to the reliability of the whole machine)
2. Process requirements
1) Blank manufacturing (casting, forging, cutting plates, cutting bars);
2) Machining;
3) Heat treatment;
4) Surface treatment. 3. Economic requirements
1) Material price (comparison of the cost of ordinary round steel and cold-drawn profiles, precision casting, and precision forging blanks and processing costs);
2) Processing batch and processing costs;
3) Material utilization rate; (such as the specifications of plates, bars, and profiles, and reasonable use)
4) Substitution (try to use cheap materials to replace relatively expensive rare materials, such as using ductile iron to replace copper sleeves in some wear-resistant parts, using oil-containing bearings to replace some sleeves processed by turning, and using nylon to replace steel gears or copper worm gears when the speed load is not large, etc.).
4. Consider the supply of local materials
Basic requirements for mechanical design: Pay attention to coordination and balance in the requirements for machine usage functions! Prevent the emergence of the barrel effect
1. Requirements for machine economy
Design economy Put into production and market in a short time, recover the consumption during the development period, and even design and manufacture while using economy To have the best performance-price ratio (the product starts to make money in small batches, and then improves it)
2. Basic requirements for mechanical parts design
1) Work normally and reliably within the scheduled working period to ensure the various functions of the machine
2) Try to reduce the production and manufacturing costs of parts
3) Use as many common standard parts in the market as possible
4) For products that may be serialized, consider the versatility of parts as much as possible at the beginning of the design. If they cannot be universal, they should be as similar in structure as possible to reduce the process arrangement of the manufacturing process and the workload of fixture and tooling design.
Pain points of designers today
The fragmentation of manufacturing process information, the processing and tooling system of the factory are not fully understood by designers.
The factory has limited ability to understand the information proposed by designers
The advancement of manufacturing technology and the popularization of computer-aided design have made designers far away from factories
The two-dimensional design of designers cannot be quickly synchronized into intuitive three-dimensional objects, and customers cannot directly obtain accurate product experience.
